Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. I am enjoying this more than Civ 6, maybe you will too! store. Japan is led by Hojo Tokimune, the eighth shikken (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate who fiercly declined Kublai Khan's. Generally speaking the game has the continents divided up amongst the civs in the game. Bullmoose Teddy gives you obscene amounts of Faith, and great Science/Culture output. AoE (Area of Effect) - Bonuses or penalties that affect multiple tiles in a set radius. Mvemba a Nzinga’s road to becoming king was paved with conflict. And when they did, their early game strengths showed to be overwhelmingly powerful. They are led by Pedro II, under whom their default colors are green and yellow. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Its suzerain can choose the Martyr promotion for Kongo’s free apostles, which grant you a relic when they die in religious combat. (C)2010 MGG. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. They are led by Peter, under whom their default colors are yellow and black. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. 1K. Keep in mind to control your housing. This is going to be weird to say, but early pandemic, your guides really helped get me through. Getting the founder belief of a religion you convert to is a very niche bonus - at best, church property will effectively mean +2 gold to all cities, but at the same time you can't rely on a a good religion. Magnus strat is not as ideal with a civ like Kongo. Certain Great Generals produce a relic when retired. 15 Live Down By The River. You can still chop resources and marshes with Magnus as Kongo tho so he's still useful. 567. Joined Jul 31, 2017 Messages 2,383 Location Minnesota, USA. The civ's start bias, if it has one. someKindOfGenius. Kristina (18 December 1626 – 19 April 1689) was queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Furthermore, it is written with the assumption you have all Civ 6 content released prior to. Genghis Khan (c. The answer in practice is - "How ever many the player feels like managing. steampowered. •. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) is inclined. #11. Rise and Fall Expansion. . For those that replace generic things (Unique Units, Buildings and Districts) only the differences between the unique unit and the generic one are listed. Using Theocracy lowers the cost to re-recruit a hero. An important figure in the Angolan independence movement and in the early history of colonialism in Africa, Nzinga Mbande struggled to establish a voice for herself (and a kingdom to rule), bouncing between various kingdoms and playing the European powers off of each other as she did so. Full list of all 97 Sid Meier's Civilization VI achievements worth 1,945 gamerscore. You'd determine this by how easy you can expand, and the territory around you. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Josgre987 •. The Russians' civilization ability is Mother Russia,. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where. (The Khmer pantheon, extra amenities are now a bit more useful) Religious Settlements: When chosen receive a Settler. Put everything into food increases (food tile priority, granary), get to cap to Pop 6 for the Early Empire Eureka, and pump out 4-6 settlers in a row with the 50% settler production card. They are available with the Persia and Macedon Civilization & Scenario Pack, which was released on March 28,. Rosty K King. " Nzinga Mbande (c. 2K views 1 year ago. +2 Food, +2 Production and +4 Gold for each Relic, Artifact and Sculpture Great Work of Art. 3%. +10. Rise and Fall Expansion. AoE (Area of Effect) - Bonuses or penalties that affect multiple tiles in a set radius. (C)2010 MGG. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Civilization 6 Guide. #3. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. The natural +4 combat strength advantage their units have in conjunction with just having more means you're fighting a massive uphill battle either way. Dance of the Auroras with Russia is arguably the strongest Pantheon in the game. Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Persian people represent a civilization in Civilization VI. Use these units, along with your existing army, to conquer one of your neighbors. Unique Unit: P-51 Mustang: Replaces the Fighter. Josgre987 •. Follows a unique promotion table. 6. An unusual and complex civ, Kongo sacrifices the religious game but is among the best civs in the game for maximising tourism yields. Nov 4, 2016. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. How to win Civ 6 on deity. My family and I like to play Civ6 as a team, us against a number of deity players. Here, I detail Kongolese strategies and counter-strategies - for both Mvemba a. • 3 yr. But Nzinga Mbande literally has little to do with with the Kongo yet they made her leader for Kongo merely for a cost effective way to satisfy demand. Additionally, the Kongo generates an additional 50%. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. . My guess is that the AI sees them as. 1255), nicknamed the Lion of Mali, was the first mansa of the Mali Empire, which he founded in 1235 after his victory over the Sosso Empire. Keep in mind to control your housing. So after many hours of grinding away at civ 6, playing my favourite civilizations, and neglecting the ones I deemed poor, I took a friends advice and played a cultural game as France. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. I actually prefer the mod versions that expand Europe, Japan, and a few other places to make them playable. If not, then choose Classical Republic. Some fun tips with Heroes and Legends. The Hansa allows for. The Holy Site is a specialty District in Civilization VI, dedicated to religious pursuits. Immediate access to the Aztecs could be obtained by pre-ordering the game. ; The Phoenician civilization ability references their expansion throughout the. e. Barbarians won’t leave you to build in peace. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is (assuming they have one at all). In the Accounts settings category, go to the Payment and Subscriptions tab. Being locked out of building Holy Sites seriously limits your faith generation, and faith is incredibly important for a culture Civ. Back to Leaders (Civ6) "Happiness does not lie in the opinion of others. #1 Last week, I posted a new strategy guide for Mvemba a Nzinga of the Kongo civilization:. Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Dutch people represent a civilization in Civilization VI: Rise and Fall. Team games and Free For All games. Problem is, there seems to be no unifying theme. Tech can no longer be traded. A link to an in-depth guide for the civ. Religious Victory. But since 1 Settler reduces pop by 1, this means getting the Early. Sundiata Keita (c. Positive examples include Factories and Stadiums (which by default offer production and happiness respectively to cities within a 6 tile radius unless they're within range of another building of the same type) and a negative example. That comes in handy considering sculptures, relics, and artifacts all generate extra gold, food, faith, and production in their respective home cities. Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Russian people represent a civilization in Civilization VI. How To Win Age Of Abundance. C Tier: Mediocre. Otherwise they take way to long to pay for themselves. It makes me sad there is no Government or law that lets unlimited specialists, like in civ 4. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. 1. 1) You can get huge and powerful cities with Kongo like no other, especially your capital. It’s almost certainly not available though, so choose whichever best fits your civ/victory plan. It can only be purchased with Faith in a city that has a majority religion and a Holy Site with a Temple (or one of its replacements). With a relic early on the Kongo are an INS. Writing was nerfed, their UU takes resources, and faith is often needed for culture victories. The free settler one is hands down always going to be the best. . Positive examples include Factories (which offer production to cities within a 6 tile radius unless they're within range of another building of the same type) and a negative example is nuclear weapons, which cause devastation over a wide radius. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Haven't gone back since. He leads the Americans in Civilization VI . In this chapter of Civilization 6 game guide you will find useful information about Kongo. Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Egyptian people represent a civilization in Civilization VI. Back to Civilizations (Civ6) The Korean people represent a civilization in Civilization VI: Rise and Fall. Introduction. #8. Nation description - Kongo Summary Terminology used in this guide and not in-game is explained here. A Governor. Civ 5 it meant usually 4 cities, for civ 6 I think 6 is the magic number. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. They are very adept at getting cultural victories. Each time you finish an Industrial Zone, you'll get a free melee unit. Introduction. Use Hippolyta on Areodomes to reset ALL the movement for ALL. Fireaxis inspired they self to do Mvemba a Nzinga in Cuba civilization, from nowadays Republic of Kongo. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. I think the. I'm sure there are some others but those were the first ones that leapt to mind. We will focus on The Hermetic Order. . In this civ 6 reddit deity guide/video we are going to be playing the Kongo led by Mvemba A Nzinga in civ 6 deity. They are led by Wilhelmina, under whom their default colors are orange and blue. Rise and Fall Expansion. Kongo has bias towards woods and rainforest, so you might be able to spawn here with civs like Vietnam which has similar starting bias. See full list on ign. Still, most everyone seems to agree Civ 6 wasn't complete before the expansions and greatly benefits from them. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) is inclined. Limiting some cities to low housing so you. Exceptions are if you are playing as Arabia or you are likely to run the Simultaneum policy card for 90% of the game. Rise and Fall Expansion. He leads. " My answer is I try to keep cities with 4-6 tiles of one another (3-5 blank tiles between them). Civ 6: Kristina of Sweden. The civ's start bias, if it has one. Any time a building is completed in one of Ramses' cities, he receives Culture equel to fifteen percent of the Production that was spent on the building. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Back to Civilization VI DLC (which is short for downloadable content) is available for Civilization VI through Steam. Despite the negative association with living "down by the river," it's undeniably a winning strategy in Civilization 6. ago. Effects: Lower Production cost (27 vs. When Hammurabi and the Babylonians were first introduced, we had a feeling they might be overpowered and the new top-dog of science civs, and it seems. Oh, and play as Rome/Trajan, they’re the easiest Civ for new players. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. For those that replace generic things (Unique Units, Buildings and Districts) only the differences between the unique unit and the generic one are listed. It’s a basic commerce- and industry-based strategy with era-specific priorities spelled out. Builders can also chop certain tile features (woods, rainforest, etc. In civ 6, +10 combat strength is a pretty big buff, and especially considering its very early availability it’s possibly the strongest unique unit in the game compared to what it replaces. Back to Leaders (Civ6) "My companion, my everything, my shiny moon. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) is inclined. They are led by Amanitore, under whom their default colors are light yellow and brown. This is a new victory condition and to win this your chosen religion must be the predominate religion in all civs in the game. Nov 18, 2016. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to. Anyway, here's the summary taken from the vanilla civ summaries guide: Kongo is by far most effective at cultural victories. Also called King Afonso I, Nzinga is most famous for his attempts to spread Christianity across his empire, and increased activities with Portugal in a bid to modernize the empire. For example if you pick the other Kongo leader I think it should spawn in the same place. So all that it means is how much population you want your cities to have. Players earn one point for each Gold offered to the Civ, and earn 50 points by completing a Send. Getting the founder belief of a religion you convert to is a very niche bonus - at best, church property will effectively mean +2 gold to all cities, but at the same time you can't rely on a a good religion. They are led by Peter, under whom their default colors are yellow and black. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. By the Atomic Era, you'll need to shift your strategy entirely to growth and Tourism. There are plenty of solid culture-based leaders players can choose such as Peter of Russia, Perciles of Greece, or. ) and harvest resources, giving you immediate yields. That said, some civs work better than others at early warfare due to combat bonuses or strong early UUs, but my. First, the gold bonus and the unique unit. The military governor “free promotion” perk works on spies. Germany (Frederick Barbarossa) 4. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Kongo is a wealthy cultural behemoth with huge cities. by TenragZeal. A good example is the Power Plant, which provides 4 extra production to its home city and any others within its radius. Nzinga Mbande is almost certainly going to be the far stronger leader for Kongo. But you're right, the question to whether Kongo can (through abnormal means) establish or retain a religion won't be answered without a direct answer, or a sneak peek video reveals more than they wanted it to. Tous droits réservésKongo Unique Ability. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. #13. If you fill up. Examples of such include God of War, God of Healing, Desert Folklore, and Dance of the Aurora. If people keep spreading to you and your religion is lost, you may still be able to get a religious victory. • 3 yr. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) is inclined. Rise and Fall Expansion. Being Suzeran of Ngazargamu will also reduce the cost to re-recruit a hero. The ability is actually more of a hindrance than a benefit. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. In this game of Civ 6, we’ll be playing as Kongo under Nzinga. Apr 20, 2019. I would expect that the game. Pre-Rise and Fall content packs. Persia (Cyrus) 9. Once a type of Great Person is depleted, excess Great Person Points are converted to faith. ; The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) is inclined. Okay! I'm wondering if the seas would be a bit more connected if the water level is higher. They are led by Pachacuti, under whom their default colors are brown and yellow. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Builders can also repair a pillaged tile, costing zero charges. 1. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. As Kongo, you can't win a religious victory so there's not much of a point to apostles unless you have the wonder that makes them give you relics when they die in religious combat. " Pachacuti (1410 AD – 1471 or 1472 AD), born Cusi Yupanqui, was the ninth Sapa Inca of Cusco. Went back to Civ 5. The Norwegians' civilization ability is Knarr, which allows them to traverse Ocean tiles once. 17 nov 2016 Civ 6 : Tier-list des civilisations. Tomyris founds a religion and converts most of Kongo to their faith, then get wiped off the map by another civ. . Using Donatello’s 3 charges for the other 3 slots (if not used by relics) will provide a significant boost to the capital and it must be clarified you can place these sculptured before museums are made. Back to Civilization VI Governors are a feature added to Civilization VI in the Rise and Fall expansion pack. It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Kongo: Mvemba a Nzinga Nzinga Mbande Korea Seondeok Sejong Macedonia Alexander Malian Mansa Musa Sundiata Keita MaoriNov 20, 2020. Voidsingers heros and legends monopolies Trajan. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Sundiata Keita (c. She is known for her decades-long resistance against the Portuguese to control the slave trade and secure independence for her kingdoms. There are five main types of victories in the game: Domination, Science, Culture, Religious, and Score Victories. Civilization 6 : Guide des Religions. Brew God . Sep 14, 2019 @ 8:26pm Germany is my primary suggestion, besides being the best tall civ, is all around the best civ. Tourism is one of the main statistics in Civilization VI. Civilization 6 is an engrossing strategy game in which the player can easily lose track of time by telling themselves "one more turn" over and over again. Leaders in the S Tier includes: Alexander the Great – Macedonia. Kongo seems to be one of the least affected civs by Rise and Fall. " Wak-Chanil-Ahau (? – 10/11 February 741), better known as Lady Six Sky, was a Mayan queen who ruled the city-state of Wak Kab'nal from 682 until her death, first as queen regnant and since 693 as regent to her son Smoking Squirrel. How To Win Age Of Abundance. The latest DLC Pack for historical turn-based strategy Civilization 6 has arrived. Unique Building: Film Studio: +100% Tourism pressure from this city towards other civs in the Modern era. The ability is actually more of a hindrance than a benefit. Civilization VI's huge player base makes it so winning on Deity is only the first step to become an expert. ). In the main menu, go to Settings. The Georgians' civilization ability is Strength in Unity, which allows them to receive Era Score bonuses for the Dedications they make at the beginning of Golden and Heroic. Obviously you have come to the subreddit so you're only gonna find people who love the game. Early-ish game. Sid Meier's Civilization VI - Civilization VI offers new ways to engage with your world: cities now physically expand across the map, active research in technology and culture unlocks new potential, and competing leaders will pursue their own agendas based on their historical traits as you race for one of five ways to achieve victory in the game. What makes kongo OP is more like: Neighborhood 2 eras earlier that cost half the price to build and gives 2 food and 4 gold so you don't even lose the tile yields. If you're on a heavy marsh area, lady of the reeds and marshes is super strong too. Island Hopping. +2 Food, +2 Production and +4 Gold for each Relic, Artifact and Sculpture Great Work of Art. And Kongo's UB makes its tall empire arguably even stronger than Germany's because their cities can get more pop. Kongo is a GREAT civ to play. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Relics are the earliest great works in the game. r/civ. You can increase the size of your cities by buying tiles surrounding the. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Reliquaries are the 6th belief (as in: 6th religion belief) AI picks, so unless you have large map you will never be able to get it, and even then you'll be waiting until ~medieval era most of the time (AI is arguably smart at delaying activation of last few prophets, but. . It also assumes you have all other Civ 6 content, listed below, though it is not necessary to have these to utilise the key strategies of each civ. Positive examples include Factories and Stadiums (which by default offer production and happiness respectively to cities within a 6 tile radius unless they're within range of another building of the same type) and a negative example. Kongo is a perfectly balanced civilization. Yes it matters but you might be able to start as a different civ and spawn where I spawned. I believe you are correct. Keep in mind a district can be built up to 3 tiles away from the city center. F-Tier: Bottom Five. 1583 – 1663), baptized Ana de Sousa, was ngola of the kingdoms of Ndongo and Matamba in northern Angola from 1626 until her death. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. When activated, the bonus doubles the yields of all items in the Museum. You'd determine this by how easy you can expand, and the territory around you. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. First, the gold bonus and the unique unit. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Especially with the numerous expansions and extra content, the game offers a total of 58 leaders that you can play as in your. An extra district per city is mostly useful for new, smaller cities. Unique Ability Nkisi +2 Food, +2 Production and +4 Gold for each Relic, Artifact and Sculpture Great Work of Art Receive 50% more Great Writer, Great Artist, Great Musician, and Great Merchant points Palace has slots for 5 Great Works Unique Unit Ngao Mbeba Unit type: Melee Requires: Iron Working tech. Liberate the city-state, which removes everyone else's envoys and sets mine to 6 or some other high number. While Gathering Storm was somewhat harsh to Kongo with faith being a bigger deal and writing less, the early culture push remains an effective strategy though you will need to find some way to get faith. Try to prioritize food for early improvements. Since the yield bonus is your Legacy. Each City in Civilization VI is now comprised of Districts, and there are a total of 13 district types including the city center. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. Rise and Fall Expansion. Limiting some cities to low housing so you. So all that it means is how much population you want your cities to have. A general strategy. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. On king difficulty 3 archers and a warrior or two should be more than enough to take out an early neighbor before they can get walls up. If you are going for a religious victory then Mosques are the best. Also, here you will find useful information about the easiest types of victory that Egypt can achieve. I've not yet made an updated guide for them, but most of what's in the vanilla guide is still relevant. No Production = City can't build anything. Rise and Fall Expansion. ago. The interesting thing about it is that for a brief period before the release of R&F it was nonetheless still rarer than some of the expansion achievements, which indicated that there were more rise and fall playtesters than people who've actually tried to seriously play the. A general strategy. They are available with the Nubia Civilization & Scenario Pack, which was released on July 27, 2017. . Germany's civ ability is a very simple one: you can build one more speciality district in every city. Late-game domination is a very viable strategy for Brazil if there’s a decent amount of water, especially with the policy card that gives +100%. I predict a significant influx of posts saying Owls of Minerva is OP when it gets released like with Religious Settlements and Work Ethic. Then bide my time and wait for the allegiance or declared friendship to run out. A younger world has more mountains and hills, an older one has fewer. My rarest is "Raid Healer: With a Guru Heal 7 religious units with one action". Back to Leaders (Civ6) Happiness does not lie in the opinion of others. ), abundant resources, ancient era start. 2. Kongo already has one of the strongest cultural games, and now you have the ability to have a strong faith economy too. Haven't gone back since. . New Leader Pass with Nzinga Mbande of Kongo culture strategy with crazy faith generation and city-state suzeraint. This isn’t for power users; rather, it’s intended for new players looking to beat Civ VI on higher difficulties without using exploits or obvious imbalances (such as Scythia’s horse economy). Start tracking progress. #1. This new civ 6 leader has a great leader ability in civ 6 as the kongos new le. 1456 – 1542 or 1543), baptized Afonso I, was the sixth manikongo of the Kingdom of Kongo, ruling from 1509 until his death. She is depicted in stelae. Winning Civilization VI on deity difficulty is a feat in itself. •. Unlike regular Culture, Tourism can't be used for anything by the civilization that produces it - instead, it applies. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. The Dutch's civilization ability is Grote Rivieren, which provides a major adjacency bonus for Campuses, Theater Squares, and Industrial Zones next to a river and causes. It requires three techs: Advanced Flight, Combined Arms, and Military Science. The goal is to earn the most points by giving the most aid to a Civ struck by a natural disaster. " Cleopatra VII Philopator (69 – 12 August 30 BC) was the last active pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt. The Sid Meier’s Civilization VI Anthology is the complete Civilization VI experience:. The Kongo are a great civ only held back by their inability to found a religion, which ana Nzinga can do (plus her ability, while boring, is very good). 2 Only available on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. I predict a significant influx of posts saying Owls of Minerva is OP when it gets released like with Religious Settlements and Work Ethic. Mvemba of the Kongo. g. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is if they have one. Civ6 multiplayer, constant unsyncing/disconnection issues. Vikings, Poland, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia. The Nubians' civilization ability is Ta-Seti, which provides them with +30%. AoE (Area of Effect) - Bonuses or penalties that affect multiple tiles in a set radius. . BUT I really hope she can plant forest too like Vietnam, cos the Mbanza is also a nerfbuff and puts Kongo at a real disadvantage in Apocalypse mode (cos fires burn Mbanzas amongst other things). Instead of giving you cash money for replacing a farm with a Neighbourhood, all built Neighbourhoods receive yields based on the. Australia (John Curtin) 3. Mvemba a Nzinga is the leader for Kongo in Civilization VI. Athanatov • 1 yr. Following this guide requires the Gathering Storm expansion. #1. Civilization VI. This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ. Back to Leaders (Civ6) "Chance all, and see where destiny leads. Here I’ll show you how. Mar 14, 2018. The guide is preferable for people who want gain achievements in the shortest and sometimes 'tricky' way.